Саркоцистозы собак
Саркоцистозы - инвазионные болезни, вызванные простейшими семейства Eimeriidae. Возбудителем саркоцитоза у собаки является Sarcocystis bovicanis: Sarcocystis ovicanis и Sarcocystis suicanis. Они относятся к типу Apicomlaxa, классу Sporozoa, отряду Coccidia, подсемейству Isosporinae, роду Sarcocystis. Саркоцисты устойчивы во внешней среде, могут сохранять жизнеспособность более 3 лет при отрицательной температуре, перезимовывать в почве, переносить замораживание и оттаивание.
Саркоцисты развиваются с участием окончательных (дефинитивных) и промежуточных хозяев. Дефинитивные хозяева — собаки и кошки, а промежуточные — крупный и мелкий рогатый скот и свиньи. Жизненный цикл саркоцист состоит из трех фаз: мерогонии (бесполого размножения), гаметогонии (полового развития) и спорогонии (образования спор). Мерогония протекает в организме промежуточных, а гаметогония и спорогония — в организме дефинитивных хозяев. Саркоцисты гнездятся преимущественно в мышечных клетках и в межмышечной соединительной ткани. Заражение собак происходит при поедании мяса животных, зараженных саркоцистами. Люди также могут заразиться при употреблении в пищу плохопрожаренного зараженного мяса.
Зараженность собак саркоцистозом в некоторых зонах достигает 90 %. Только одна собака способна выделить в сутки 30 млн ооцист, что и обусловливает высокую степень заражения саркоцистозом промежуточных хозяев. Животные могут заражаться в любое время года. Наиболее восприимчивыми являются молодые животные.
После переболевания собаки саркоцистозом возникает нестерильный и ненапряженный иммунитет. Дефинитивные хозяева могут заражаться саркоцистами одного и того же вида многократно. С возрастом у животных развивается резистентность вследствие неоднократных реинвазий, проявления клинических признаков у них практически не отмечают. Щенки при массированном однократном заражении могут переболевать в легкой форме.
Cобака как носитель саркоцистоза не представляет угрозы для человека, заражение человека от собаки невозможно.
Симптомы и лечение саркоцистозов у собак
.У собак саркоцистоз в 65 % случаев протекает с теми или иными поражениями желудочно-кишечного тракта (диарея, рвота, нарушение усвояемости корма и пр.). Часто основными причинами обращения владельцев собак в ветеринарную клинику являются именно диарея и рвота у животного. При выраженном интерстициальном воспалении мышц животные плохо передвигаются, больше лежат. При слабом поражении больные собаки могут быть носителями паразитов годами, без видимых признаков заболевания.
Диагноз ставят комплексно с учетом эпизоотических, клинических и патологоанатомических данных, подтверждается лабораторными исследованиями свежих фекалий собак.
Лечение. Назначают химкокцид в дозе 50 мг/кг и лербек в дозе 200 мг/кг с кормом в течение 3 сут. В дальне В дальнейшем препараты применяют в половинной дозе в течение 25 сут.
По данным исследования института ветеринарной биологии (3), при саркоцистозе собак применение 2,5% толтразурила в дозе 0,3 мл/кг один раз в день в течение трех дней приводило к элиминации спороцист в 92% случаев.
Мероприятия по борьбе с саркоцистозом не разработаны. Профилактика саркоцистоза направлена на разрыв биологического цикла паразита.
Запрещается скармливать собакам сырое мясо, не прошедшее ветеринарно-санитарной экспертизы. Недопустимо пребывание собак на территории скотных дворов и ферм.
При возникновении расстройств пищеварения у собаки немедленно обращаться к ветеринарному врачу.
Использовалась литература:
1. М.Ш. Акбаев, А.А. Водянов, Н.Е. Косминков, Паразитология и инвазионные болезни животных, 1998
2. Горегляд X. С. Болезни диких животных. Мн., «Наука и техника», 1971. 304 с. с илл.
3. Терская О.В., Анализ встречаемости и проявлений саркоцитоза собак и подходы к его лечению (http://www.invetbio.spb.ru/)
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